TIC3 Abstracts

(11) Study on the structure of lexical memory of Japanese characters

Michiko S. Nakayama (Osaka City University)

It is assumed that there is a certain structure in lexical memory of Kanji because there are so many Kanji in Japanese writing system. The properties of Kanji are assumed to affect the structure of memory. This study focused on the lexicality of single Kanji characters. A total of 991 Kanji characters were examined by the questionnaire to evaluate the lexicality with five-point scale and the experiment with lexical decision task. The relationship between the evaluations and the reaction times were analyzed. The results will be discussed in terms of the structure of lexical memory of Japanese.

(12) Which kind of representation underlying Kanji clarification test

Chen Bai (Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University)

The present study was conducted to investigate perceptual attributes of Kanji-character that influence priming effects in the Kanji clarification test. In the experiment, the perceptual shapes of study Kanji-characters were shown either in their upright or mirror-reversed orientation in the study phase. Kanji clarification test was later presented to measure the amount of priming under these different study conditions. The results showed that the amount of priming was independent to previous manipulation of the shapes of kanji-character. It is implied that an abstract, orientation-invariant representation of Kanji-character may attribute to the equivalent priming effects obtained in the Kanji clarification test.

(13) Context effect on processing of two-kanji compound word in priming situation

Aiko Morita (Faculty of Education, Hirosima University)

The present study examined the context effect on processing two-kanji compound words primed by a sentence with a blank. Participants responded slower when targets were pseudo-homophone, orthographically similar nonwords, and semantically similar nonwords than when targets were control nonwords. These patterns of results were not different from the previous study using lexical decision task without prime. These results suggested that the essential factor of context effect on word recognition in sentence is not only the prediction from semantic information, but also the situation of on-line reading.

(14) Whole-to-part repetition priming of novel stimulus

Hisato Imai (Tokyo Woman's Christian University, Japan)

Three experiments are reported in which participants’ performance to identify briefly presented 3 by 3 dot matrices with five connected lines were compared for matrices primed by previously seeing the same 3 by 3 matrices or 4 by 4 matrices with eight lines which included the tested 3 by 3 matrices. The results showed that 3 by 3 matrices primed the same 3 by 3 matrices but that 4 by 4 matrices didn’t prime their components of tested 3 by 3 matrices (Experiment 1). Same results were found even when participants attended automatically (Experiment 2) nor intentionally (Experiment 3) to the critical components. These results indicate that no whole-to-part priming would occur regardless of participants’ attention to the critical component of the stimulus.

(15) Developmental Changes in the Self-Choice Elaboration Effects on Incidental Memory

Hiroshi Toyota (Nara University of Education, Japan)
Tomoko Tatsumi (Sahogawa Elementary School, Japan)

A self-choice elaboration of targets in bizarre sentences produced a better incidental free recall of sixth graders than an experimenter-provided elaboration. A difference was not observed for second graders. In cued recall a self-choice elaboration led to a better performance of sixth graders for targets, in both bizarre and common sentence frames, than an experimenter-provided elaboration. Again, a different elaboration did not alter the recall performance of second graders. The results indicate that the effectiveness of a self-choice elaboration depends on the subject's age and the type of sentence.

(16) The self-choice effect on memory: Influence of presentation method

Tetsuji Hirano (Kwansei Gakuin Univesity, Japan)

The self-choice effect is that people who select TBR items they want to learn perform better than those who are not given a choice. In a recall test, it has been demonstrated that the effect depends upon organizational processing of chosen TBR items (The encoding strategy hypothesis, Takahashi, 1997). In this study, organizational processing was manipulated by presentation method, list presentation and word pair presentation. The result showed that the self-choice effect was found in list presentation but not in word pair presentation. No effect in word pair presentation was interpreted in terms of restriction of organizational processing, consistent with the encoding strategy hypothesis.

(17) Verification of the superiority of auditory information in interpersonal cognitive process: influence of delay derived from voice attributions.

Natsuko Yamada (Kyushu University, Japan) Yuji Hakoda (Kyushu University, Japan) Emiko Yuda (Kyushu University, Japan)

Based on the results from the previous studies by (Yamada, Hakoda & Yuda), the superiority the effect of auditory stimuli on interpersonal cognitive process under face/voice personality incongruent conditions were observed. The present study examined whether the possibility of the latency effect derived from the timing of the presentations of auditory stimuli by changing the orders of the face stimuli and voice stimuli. The result revealed that the superiority of auditory information under the congnitively incongruent conditions was robust, and the superiority of the auditory informational effect on interpersonal-cognitive process was not derived from the differences of the timings when presenting face/voice stimuli.

(18) Social contagion of memory: Analysis of “Remember-Know” and source monitoring measures

Jun Kawaguchi (Nagoya University)
Keisuke Ogura (Nagoya University)
Hama Watanabe (Nagoya University)
Erina Saeki (Nagoya University)

This study examined the influence of response by another person on false recognition memory for visual objects. Subjects were presented with seven common scenes followed by the collaborative recall phase. Finally in the recognition phase, they were asked to decide whether an object presented on a screen was included in the studied scene or not. Subjects recognized the critical item suggested by the confederate better than in control condition. Their recognition to the critical item likely belonged to ‘know’ response rather than ‘remember’, besides many of their source were attributed to the confederate. The underling social contagion process is discussed.

(19) Response biases of time and quality in source judgment.

Eriko Sugimori (Kyoto University , Japan)
Takashi Kusumi (Kyoto University , Japan)

We investigated source-monitoring errors of time and quality. We showed participants photographs or asked them to imagine items on both the first day and the second day. In a source-monitoring test immediately after the presentation of all lists, they tended to attribute the source to the first day rather than to the second. In the source-monitoring test after 7-day delays, despite they remembered the photographs better than the images, they remembered the source of the images better than that of the photographs. Multinomial modeling analyses showed that when participants don’t remember the source very much, they use the metacognitive knowledge.

(20) Effects of additions versus deletions on recognition memory for scenes

Yashio Uchino (Kyushu University, Japan)
Yuji Hakoda (Kyushu University, Japan)
Mariko Shibata (Kyushu University, Japan)

This study examined the effect of alterations made to pictures, i.e., addition or deletion of picture elements, on recognition memory. In the study phase, 20 participants viewed 20 line drawings of scenes for 5 s each. In the immediate recognition test, participants judged whether each test picture was altered from the studied one or not. The results showed that additions were more easily detected than deletions when the major information was altered. This result suggests that superiority of additions over deletions might occur when the alteration made to pictures distorts the meaning of the scenes.

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